Cant most software packages that can simulate antennas go to low frequencies. The grayhoverman antenna has been designed by doyt r. The proposed antenna is simulated on cst version 10 and the results are in good agreement. Pattnaik 2 guru nanak dev engineering college, ludhiana, punjab, india national institute of technical teachers training and research, chandigarh, india. Emf interactions with dna are similar over a range of nonionising frequencies, i. Miniaturized dualfractal antenna structure for rfid tags d. In this study, a koch snowflake frequency reconfigurable antenna for wideband applications is presented including experimental verification. Fractal antenna elements and arrays university of maryland.
The slot antenna is known as best antenna in various applications like radar systems and on the other hand low rcs and wide bandwidth are both necessary for these systems and so the slot antenna with fractal formation and parasitic element is suggested for cband application. Genetic synthesis of broadband, lowfrequency antennas, radio. If fractal shape is applied to antenna geometry, multiband antenna can be constructed. How to make a fractal antenna for hdtv dtv plus more on the. Design and simulation of koch fractal antenna array for. The metasurface was considered for reducing the rcs more than. We introduce some important properties of fractal arrays, including the frequency independent multiband characteristics, schemes for realizing low sidelobe designs, systematic approaches to thinning, and the ability to. The approximate formula for calculating the first resonant frequency of the peano fractal. In fact as each iteration occurs on the bowtie geometry, the low frequency antenna efficiency gets worse. Design and simulation of koch fractal antenna array for mobile communications a thesis.
A very short antenna can give amazing results, often performing as well as a long wire antenna if the proper buffer amplifier is added between the radio and the antenna. Simulation of antennas in low frequency physics forums. Ultrahighfrequency uhf approaches have caught increasing attention recently and have been considered as a promising technology for online monitoring partial discharge pd signals. Fractal geometry and its application to antenna designs ijeat. According to our investigation, the web does not offer much information on. Fractal antenna suggests some attractive solutions for using single small antenna needed for different frequency bands multiband operation size, area and mass reduction miniaturization the effective length of the antenna. In reality however, there are often important differences. Low and medium fixed channel capacity pointtopoint links uses the digital communication system dcs or gsm1800 frequency band. Research article artificial neural network analysis of sierpinski gasket fractal antenna.
Readtenna 900 antenna from fractal antenna systems delivers high performance to handheld or fixed rfid readers. Lowfrequency antennas 61 chapter 6 lowfrequency antennas horizontal antennas in theory there is no difference between antennas at 10 mhz and up and those for lower frequencies. Thus, the initial design of the fractal biconical patch antenna is as follows. Resonant loop antennas require a large amount of space and small loops have very low input resistance. Hf fractal antennas offer a very compact size, a good performance and a large bandwidth, but are very unusual aerials. Wideband frequency reconfigurable koch snowflake fractal. Design and development of fractal microstrip patch antenna. The wide frequency range of interaction with emf is the functional characteristic of a fractal antenna, and dna appears to possess the two structural characteristics of fractal antennas, electronic conduction and self symmetry. My only experience with antenna design was with zeland ie3d which is now part of a software package sold by mentor and that could down to very low frequencies a few. Research article artificial neural network analysis of. The proposed antenna has good agreement between simulated and measured results with reasonably low cross polarisation.
A fractal antenna is an antenna that uses a fractal, selfsimilar design to maximize the effective length, or increase the perimeter on inside sections or the outer structure, of material that can receive or transmit electromagnetic radiation within a given total surface area or volume. Design and analysis of fractal antennas for wideband. Fractal microstrip antenna aids wideband applications. Resonant frequency calculation and optimal design of peano. But fractal antennas are based on selfsimilar elements iterated in various directions and can provide broadband. We introduce some important properties of fractal arrays, including the frequencyindependent multiband characteristics, schemes for realizing lowsidelobe designs, systematic approaches to.
Pdf miniaturization of dipole antenna for low frequency. The proposed triangular patch antenna is designed using low cost widely available vinyl polymerbased flexible substrate. Bandwidth and gain enhancement of multiband fractal. Figure 4 shows the antenna radiation pattern at phi00and 900 for iteration 8. The hexagonal fractal antenna produces a low return loss compared to the sierpinski carpet fractal antenna. This improves overall impedance bandwidth of antenna to some extent. They are content as long as the small loop antenna can be easily tuned to cover the range of spot. Pdf miniaturization of fractal printed monopole antenna. Low sidelobe levels, and the ability to develop rapid beam forming. Compact microstrip antenna based on fractal metasurface. Microstrip antenna have been of the most innovative topic in antenna theory and design in. A fractal antenna is an antenna that uses a fractal, selfsimilar design to maximize the length, or increase the perimeter on inside sections or the outer structure, of material that can receive or transmit electromagnetic signals within a given total surface area or volume.
Susman apti, inc w ith the advance of wireless communication systems and increasing importance of other wireless applications, wideband and low profile. A compact and lowprofile wearable antenna is presented for onbody wireless body area network wban applications. Low frequency antennas 61 chapter 6 low frequency antennas horizontal antennas in theory there is no difference between antennas at 10 mhz and up and those for lower frequencies. The frequency notched ultrawideband microstrip slot antenna with a fractal tuning stub is proposed to achieve frequency notched function 67.
Pdf to design, simulate and fabricate fractal antenna for a user defined frequency at 1. Antenna efficiency for the bowtie and iterations of the fractal antenna. Pdf fractal antenna theory is built, as is the case with conventional antenna. Analysis of fractal antenna was done by using the software named cst microwave studio suite 12. This paper presents a peano fractal antenna for uhf pd online monitoring of transformer with small size and multiband. Design and analysis of fractal antennas for wideband applications. The fundamental mode resonant frequency of such antenna is given as follows. This antenna has low profile, lightweight and easy to be fabricated. Fractal antennas can take on various shapes and forms. Chip cohen w1yw n1ir one of the first to implement fractals in antenna modelling, patented the design and founded the fractal antenna systems company. Because of its ultrabroadband, light weight, thin profile configurations, low cost, and.
Fractal antenna fractal term was first coined by benoit mandelbrot in 1983 to classify the structure whose dimensions were not whole numbers. The antenna is designed for resonating between 26 ghz frequency range for wimax application. It is a practical angledependent frequency independent antenna19. Excellent low elevation coverage inherently 50 ohms a breakthrough universal wideband antenna from the fractal antenna innovators. Low frequencies imply long wavelengths, hence low frequency antennas are very large. Download and print antenna template print out one copy each of part 1 and part 2 of the. Design and analysis of new sierpinski carpet fractal antenna. A totally different approach to low frequency antennas is shown in fig. Antenna theory considers three classes of radiators in terms of frequency coverage. On the design of circular fractal antenna with ushape slot. Fractal geometry, circular fractal antenna, wlanwimax, coplanar feed, slotted ground plane 1. Traditional antennas are based on quarterwavelength elements, which dictate the size of a printedcircuit antenna for a given frequency.
This paper presents a novel design of a microstrip fractal antenna based on the use of sierpinski triangle shape, its designed and simulated by using fr4 substrate in the operating frequency bands gps, wimax, the design is a fractal antenna with a modified ground structure. Jan 29, 2017 thus, the impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna provides continuous wideband frequency coverage from 1. Miniaturized dual fractal antenna structure for rfid tags one of the antennas is for receiving and designed to have the maximum power transfer to the tag chip, while the other is for backscattering and designed for the maximum differential backscattering. Jun 20, 2014 cant most software packages that can simulate antennas go to low frequencies. A compact and low profile wearable antenna is presented for onbody wireless body area network wban applications. The fractal antenna not only has a large effective length, but the contours of its shape can generate a capacitance or inductance that can help to match the antenna to the circuit. This antenna has low profile, lightweight and easy to be fabricated and has successfully demonstrated wideband characteristics. Fractal antenna elements and arrays here is an excellent introduction to a new technique for antennas with both wide bandwidth and reduced size x. Genetic synthesis of broadband, lowfrequency antennas, with applications to radio astronomy by neil zimmerman a thesis submitted in partial ful. The 50 ohm port is used to feed the proposed antenna. There are similar effects in the ionising range, but the reactions are more complex. A compact, lowprofile fractal antenna for wearable on. Genetic synthesis of broadband, lowfrequency antennas.
The final antenna topology is obtained by the combination of the koch fractal geometry, meandering slits, and defected ground structure, to achieve. Hence, half wavelength dipole antenna using fractal koch curve technique was designed in order to miniaturize the antenna height with a given total surface area or volume. Fractal design of multiband and low sidelobe arrays carles puentebaliarda, member, ieee, and rafael pous, member, ieee abstract most array factor design techniques are highly dependent on the operating wavelength. Introduction the rapid expansion of wireless technology during the last years has led to increase in demand for small size, lowcost and multiband antennas for use in commercial communications systems. Fractal antennas as we see fractals have been studied for about a hundred years and antennas have been in use for as long. Low frequency has long wavelength and can travel to the furthermost while high frequency has a shorter wavelength and can only travel to the proximal ends away from the base side vertices. In this project we learned new type of an tenna that is fractal antenna, wha t is the construction. Keywords fractal, wimax, sierpinski carpet fractal antenna, microstrip antenna. In this paper, a novel technique based on fractal structures is described for multiband operation.
Remember, the distinction between wideband and multiband is simply a question of the size of the. The proposed triangular patch antenna is designed using lowcost widely available vinyl polymerbased flexible substrate. As low frequency gpr system is vital for high depth penetration, the size of the antenna used reduces its. Fractal antenna suggests some attractive solutions for using single small antenna needed for different frequency bands multiband operation size, area and mass reduction miniaturization the effective length of the antenna can be increased keeping the total area same 6. In addition, the measurements are carried out to validate the performance of the antenna. The concept of fractal antenna theory is a relatively new. This work proposed the uwb fractal antenna bandnotched characteristics with detail study. One of the properties of fractals geometry is that it can have an infinite length while fitting in a fin.
Reconfigurable koch loop fractal antenna using rf switch. Bandwidth and gain enhancement of multiband fractal antenna using suspended technique. More than that, the better your antenna is, it will have a better selectivity, thus receiving a single frequency. My only experience with antenna design was with zeland ie3d which is now part of a software package sold by mentor and that could down to very low frequencies a few hz, this was for onchip antennas patch antennas etc. Fractal antennas antenna modelers based on traditional method of moment mom analysis hodges, 1997. The frequency reconfigurable approach is obtained for uhf band using rf pin diodes, lumped capacitor and inductors. A low cost alternative to experimentation balwinders. Abstracta new compact broadband circular fractal antenna is. Introduction the wireless standards of wlanwimax low frequency applications, require miniaturized and compact antennas. Also, we learned to sim ulate it on hfss at desired frequency. How to make a fractal antenna for hdtv dtv plus more on. On the design of treetype ultra wideband fractal antenna for ds. Miniaturization of fractal printed monopole antenna and the equivalent circuit for low frequency bands article pdf available in advanced science letters 235.
A conventional dipole antenna length is half of its lowest operating frequency wavelength. Miniaturized dualfractal antenna structure for rfid tags. Fractal design of multiband and low sidelobe arrays. A compact, lowprofile fractal antenna for wearable onbody. Dna is a fractal antenna in electromagnetic fields. Fractal resistors the same spacefilling properties that provide a high capacitance in the case of planar capacitors are also in the base of the lowq, high value fractal resistors. Design and development of fractal microstrip patch antenna for 5g communication 19 fig.
Compact microstrip antenna based on fractal metasurface with. Ultrahigh frequency uhf approaches have caught increasing attention recently and have been considered as a promising technology for online monitoring partial discharge pd signals. Users of magnetic loops must be content with bandwidths of say 10 or 20 khz at 7 mhz or a little more than 0. Proposed antenna is compact, therefore, it can be used as an array element. The concepts are verified experimentally at 915 mhz using two linearly tapered. We also considered antenna properties such as electronic conduction within dna and its compact structure in the nucleus. For example, a quarter wavelength monopole can be transformed into a similarly shorter antenna by the koch. Notice that three iterations gaskets are employed for the fractal biconical patch antenna. Biconical patch antenna with inscribed fractal sierpinsky. At 20 k, detectors with an antenna resonant at 590 ghz can reach a maximum responsivity of 3. On the design of circular fractal antenna with ushape.
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